PLANNIG AND ITS LEVEL

Planning is the first of the four functions that make up the management process.

Managers have a primary responsibility for planning, because planning is more important and effective.

S.P ROBBINS

“A process that involves defining the organization goals establishing strategy for achieve those goals and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organization work”

COURTLAND L.BOVEE

“The process of determining that where the organization should be in future and then selecting and implementing the most effective set of actions to achieve that future state”

GIBSON

“The planning function includes those managerial activities which determine objective and the appropriate means for achieving that objective”

LEVELS OF PLANNING

The most popular ways to describe organizational plans or levels are by their breadth, time frame, specificity, and frequency of use.

Following are the levels of planning and management who make such plans are under,

STRATEGIC PLANS

Plans that apply to the entire organization, establish the organization’s overall goals, and seek to position the organization in terms of its environment.

These plans are usually made by the top management in consolation with board of directors and middle management. They typically cover a relatively long time horizon and usually 3 to 5 years or more in future.

TECTICAL PLANS

“Target or future results usually set by middle management for specific department or units”

Tactical plans are the means charted to support implementation of the strategic plan and achievement of tactical goals.

Tactical plan outline the major steps that particular departments will take to reach their tactical goals.

1. LONG TERM PLANS

Its study in tactical plan “Plans with a time frame beyond three years”

2. SHORT TERM PLANS

“Plans covering one year or less”

Intuitively, it would seem that specific plans would be preferable to directional or loosely guided plans.

a) SPECIFIC PLANS

Plans that are clearly defined and that leave on room for interpretation.

b) DIRECTIONAL PLANS

Plans that are clearly defined and that leave no room for interpretation.

OPERATIONAL PLANS

Plans that are specify the details of how the overall goals are to be achieved, target or future results usually set by lower management that address specific measurable outcomes required from the lower level.

Such plans spell out specifically what must be accomplished over period in order to achieve operational goals.

SINGLE USE PLANS

A one time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.

STANDING PLANS

Ongoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly.

FARMAL AND INFORMAL PLANNING

FARMAL PLANNIGN

Formal planning is a part of planning. Everything is in written formed and regarded objectives all members are informed and clear the path on which they have to act upon and it is usually in large business and also in mediums size business.

INFORMAL PLANNING

In this planning there is nothing in written form and there is little or no sharing of objectives with other members. It is usually exists in small business.